| Documents
Concerning Cihuatán and Other Topics in Salvadoran Archaeology
This section includes reports, publications, conferences
and testimonies about Cihuatán and other topics in Salvadoran Archaeology.
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Amaroli, Paul E.
Reconocimiento
y evaluación del sitio arqueológico El Cajete. Manuscript filed at the
Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, 1983.
Una investigación
arqueológica en la iglesia colonial de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción,
Ahuachapán, El Salvador, Centroamérica. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría
de Cultura and FUNDAR, 1985.
En la búsqueda
de Cuscatlán: un estudio etnohistórico y arqueológico. Manuscript filed
at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador, 1986.
Informe de investigaciones arqueológicas en Cara Sucia.
Manuscript filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador,
1987. In two compressed files (ZIP): Part
1, Part 2
The Earliest Pipil. Manuscript
on file at FUNDAR, San Salvador, 1988.
Informe sobre el sondeo arqueológico en las ruinas de la iglesia de
la Asunción, Izalco, Departamento de Sonsonate, El Salvador. Manuscript
filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, 1989. In two files:Part
1 (text), Part
2 (photographs, ZIP file).
Algunos grupos cerámicos pipiles
de El Salvador. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR,
San Salvador. 1992.
A Newly Discovered Potbelly Sculpture
from El Salvador and a Reinterpretation of the Genre. Mexicon
XIX (3). June, 1997.
Diagnóstico del Centro Ceremonial
Poniente, sitio arqueológico Cihuatán. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría
de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2000.
La urgencia de comprar
el sitio arqueológico Las Marías. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría
de Cultura and FUNDAR. 2000.
Informe 1, excavaciones de rescate
en el sitio arqueológico Carranza. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría
de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2002.
Informe 2, excavaciones de rescate
en el sitio arqueológico Carranza. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría
de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2002.
Un nuevo hallazgo de escultura de Xipe
Tótec en El Salvador. XVI Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas,
Guatemala. 2002.
El sitio arqueológico de Santa María:
observaciones a 27 años de su inundación por el embalse Cerrón Grande.
Manuscript filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador.
2003.
Informe sobre el sitio arqueológico
Igualtepeque y las amenazas que enfrenta. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría
de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador, 2006.
Informe avance Proyecto Cihuatán.
Manuscript filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador.
2008.
Informe avance Proyecto Cihuatán.
Manuscript filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador.
2009.
Acciones prioritarias
para la protección del patrimonio arqueológico. Proposal presented on
behalf of FUNDAR at the Forum on Cultural Heritage held in San Salvador
on July 8-10, 2010.
Amaroli, Paul E. and Fabio E. Amador
Los límites de Cihuatán: reconocimiento
arqueológico para determinar la extensión de la antigua ciudad. Manuscript
filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2003.
Amaroli, Paul E., Fabio E. Amador, and Karen Olsen Bruhns
Informe de las excavaciones realizadas
en la Estructura P-7 (la Pirámide Principal) del sitio arqueológico
Cihuatán , 2001-2002. Manuscript filed at theSecretaría de Cultura and
FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2003.
Amaroli, Paul E. and Karen Olsen Bruhns
“Jaguar Face” Sculptures Found in
El Salvador. Mexicon XXIV (5). October, 2002.
Informe sobre el rescate de
efigies de Tláloc en Las Marías. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría
de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2002.
Xipe Totec Statue Found In Situ in
El Salvador. Mexicon XXV (1) 10-12. February, 2003.
Informe sobre la excavación de
la Estructura P-28, Cihuatán. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría de
Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2006.
Amaroli, Paul E. and Robert Dull
Milpas prehispánicas en El Salvador.
XII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala,
pp. 639-659. Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología. 1998.
Amaroli, Paul E. and Zachery Revene
Conservación en la Estructura P-5
del Juego de Pelota Norte de Cihuatán. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría
de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2006.
Boggs, Stanley H.
Notas sobre las
excavaciones en la Hacienda "San Andrés, Departamento de La Libertad.
Tzunpame, Año III No. 2, San Salvador. 1943.
Observaciones respecto
a la importancia de "Tazumal" en la prehistoria salvadoreña.
Tzunpame, Año III No. 2, San Salvador. 1943.
Figurillas con ruedas de Cihuatán
y el Oriente de El Salvador. Colección Antropología, No. 3.
Dirección de Publicaciones, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador. 1973.
Antigüedades salvadoreñas errantes.
Dos Xipe Totecs del lago de Güija. Anales del Museo Nacional “David
J. Guzmán”, 49:107-116. San Salvador. 1976.
Incensarios del dios Tlaloc
pertenecientes a la colección Baratta, El Salvador / Tlaloc incensarios
in the Baratta collection, El Salvador [biingual edition]. Colección
antropología e historia, No. 18. Administración del Patrimonio
Cultural, Ministerio de Educación, San Salvador. 1980 [originally published
in 1949].
Bruhns, Karen Olsen
Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Cihuátan. Anales del Museo Nacional
“David J. Guzmán”, 49:75-92 (con plano doblado). San Salvador.
1976. In two parts: Part
1 (Text), Part
2 (Large format map)
Cihuatán: An Early Postclassic Town
of El Salvador. The 1977-1978 Excavations. University of Missouri
Monographs in Anthropology, No. 5. Department of Anthropology,
University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia Publications. 1980.
Plumbate Origins Revisited. American
Antiquity, 45 (4):845-848. 1980.
Two Early Postclassic Caches from
El Salvador. Cerámica de Cultura Maya, No. 12:1-9, 1982.
A View from the Bridge:
Intermediate Area Sculpture in Thematic Perspective. BAESSLER-ARCHIV
BEITRÄGE ZUR VÖLKERKUNDE BAND XXX. ERLAG VON DIETRICH REIMER, Berlin.
1982.
The Crucible: Sociological and Technological
Factors in the Delayed Diffusion of Metallurgy to Mesoamerica. En Frederick
Bové and Lynette Heller (eds.), New Frontiers in the Archaeology of
the Pacific Coast of Southern Mesoamerica, pp. 221-227. Arizona
State University Anthropological Research Papers, No. 39. 1989.
The Original Maya Cylinder Vase?
Mexicon, XVI:4:72. August, 1994.
El Salvador and the Southeastern
Frontier of Mesoamerica. En Frederick W. Lange (ed.), Paths to Central
American Prehistory, pp. 285-296. University Press of Colorado,
Boulder. 1996.
Housekeeping in Postclassic El
Salvador. David M. Pendergast y Anthony P. Andrews (eds.), pp. 119-134.
British Archaeological Reports International Series, S1529.
Oxford. 2006.
Bruhns, Karen Olsen and Paul E. Amaroli
Nuevas estructuras descubiertas en
el Centro Ceremonial Poniente, Cihuatán. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría
de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2003.
Second Xipe Statue Found in El Salvador
Mexicon, XXVI (2). April, 2004.
Mazapan Style Figurines in El Salvador.
La Tinaja, 17 (1-2): 11-15. Spring, 2006.
Reconocimiento arqueológico del área
propuesta para el futuro estacionamiento en el Parque Arqueológico de
Cihuatán. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR,
San Salvador, 2006.
Early Postclassic Figurines from El
Salvador. La Tinaja, 18(2):18-24. Spring, 2007.
Report on Seized Salvadoran
Antiquities. Report filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, San
Salvador, 2008.
An Early Postclassic Round Structure
at Cihuatán, El Salvador. Arqueología Iberoamericana 235-45. June, 2009.
Yacatecuhtli in El Salvador. Mexicon,
XXXI (4):89-90. August 2009.
Conservación de la Muralla
Norte del Centro Ceremonial Poniente de Cihuatán. Manuscript filed at
the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 2009.
Bruhns, Karen Olsen, Paul E. Amaroli, and Vladimir Avila
Test Excavations in the Burned
Palace of Cihuatán, El Salvador. Mexicon XXVI (4):72. August,
2004.
Casasola, Luis
Panorama general de la
arqueología en El Salvador. América Indígena, Vol 35(4):715-726.
1975.
Dallyn, C.R.M., D.J.F. Adams, H.M. Eyles, L.M. Greeves, C.O.
Hall and J.J. Scadding
Oxford Expedition to
El Salvador 1966. Oxford University Exploration Club Bulletin,
15(3):23-30. Oxford. 1967.
Demarest, Arthur, Paul Amaroli, and Bárbara Arroyo
Informe final, Proyecto El Carmen,
El Salvador. Manuscript filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR,
San Salvador, 1989.
Dimick, John M.
Salvador [Notes on excavations
at Campana San Andres, El Salvador]. Year book, Carnegie Institution
of Washington, Vol. 40. 1941.
Haberland, Wolfgang
Ceramic Sequences in
El Salvador. American Antiquity, Vol. 26(1):21-29. 1960.
La Cueva del Espíritu Santo.
Anales del Museo Nacional “David J. Guzmán”, 49:93-106. San
Salvador. 1976.
Haberland, Wolfgang and Willi-Herbert Grebe
Prehistoric Footprints
from El Salvador. American Antiquity, Vol. 22(3):282-285. 1957.
Harlan, Annita, Williard Van Asdall, and Charles Miksicek
Final Report, 1979 Field
Season, Cihuatán, El Salvador: Botanical Investigations. Manuscript
filed at the Secretaría de Cultura and FUNDAR, San Salvador. 1979.
Hernández, Gloria E.
Informe sobre la primera etapa
de las excavaciones en las ruinas de Cihuatán. América Indígena,
Vol. 35(4):699-714.
Houston, Stephen and Paul Amaroli
The Lake Güija Plaque. Research
Reports on Ancient Maya Writing, 15. Center for Maya Research,
Washington, D.C. 1988.
Kelley, Jane H.
Cihuatán, El Salvador: A Study
in Intrasite Variability. Vanderbilt University Publications in
Anthropology No. 35. Nashville, Tennessee. 1988.
Lubensky, Earl H.
The Excavation of Structures P-12 and
P-20 at Cihuatán, El Salvador/Excavación de las Estructuras P-12 y P-20
de Cihuatán, El Salvador. Treganza Anthropology Museum Papers,
No. 22. 2005. San Francisco State University (publicación editada por
Karen Bruhns y traducida por Paul Amaroli, ambos de FUNDAR).
Marroquín, Alejandro D.
El problema indígena en
El Salvador. América Indígena, Vol. 35(4):747-771. 1975.
Note: This article is fundamental to the topic of
native peoples in the territory of El Salvador. In this study, Marroquín
points out that a significant fraction of the present-day Salvadoran
population can be classified as indigenous, even though few continue
to use traditional clothing or to speak native languages. Having introduced
this concept, which later authors have reiterated as that of the “indígena
invisible”, Marroquín wished to put a number on it, and with
the speculation obliged by the lack of pertinent statistics, he proposed
that “around 10% of the national population is indigenous”. This same
figure has been reproduced by other writers throughout the years,
sometimes giving due credit to Marroquín, and sometimes not. In some
recent studies it is amusing to note slight modifications to Marroquín’s
guesstimate, such as 8% or 12%, perhaps with the intention of imbuing
the figure with false precision as if it were based on solid data.
It can be mentioned here that the most recent national census (2007)
reports a total of 13,310 people who identify themselves as indigenous
(0.23% of the population). It is clearly necessary to conduct a systematic,
national survey on this topic, applying the criteria discussed by
Marroquín.
Miksicek, Charles H.
Preliminary Impressions
of Archaeobotanical Work at Cihuatán. Manuscript filed at FUNDAR. 1979.
Revene, Zachery and Karen Olsen Bruhns
Nicoya Polychrome Statuette Found
in El Salvador Mexicon, XXIX (4):102-103. August, 2007.
Ries, Maurice
First Season's Archaeological Work
at Campana San Andres, El Salvador. American Anthropologist, 42. 1940.
Spinden, Herbert J.
Notes on the Archaeology of Salvador.
American Anthropologist, 17(3):446-487. 1915.
Conferences
Bruhns, Karen Olsen and Paul E. Amaroli
Archaeological Parks of El Salvador:
History and Current Status. Paper presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting
of the Society for American Archaeology, Vancouver, British Columbia,
March 27, 2008.
Testimonies
Bruhns, Karen Olsen and Paul E. Amaroli
Testimony of Dr. Karen Bruhns
and Paul Amaroli on Behalf of the Society for American Archaeology Before
the Cultural Property Advisory Committee On the Renewal of the Memorandum
of Understanding Between the United States and El Salvador, November
18, 2004.
Bruhns, Karen Olsen
Letter to Cultural Property Advisory
Committee of the US Department of State supporting the renewal of the
MOU concerning the illicit trade in Salvadoran antiquities. November
2009.
Books and monographs
Bruhns, Karen O.
Cihuatán: An Early Postclassic Town
of El Salvador. The 1977-1978 Excavations. University of Missouri
Monographs in Anthropology, No. 5. Department of Anthropology,
University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia Publications. 1980.
Kelley, Jane H.
Cihuatán, El Salvador: A Study
in Intrasite Variability. Vanderbilt University Publications in
Anthropology No. 35. Nashville, Tennessee. 1988.
Longyear, John M., III
Archaeological Investigations in
El Salvador. Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology,
Vol. IX (2). Harvard University, Cambridge. 1944.
Note: A little over half of this book represents the contribution
of Stanley H. Boggs, including the sections for central and western
El Salvador under "Part II. Archaeological Reconnaissance”, Appendix
C “Excavations in Central and Western El Salvador”, Appendix D “Site
List for El Salvador”, and Appendix E “Private Collections of Pottery
and Stone in El Salvador”. Boggs also furnished the majority of photographs
(those presented in Plates VII through XIV). Boggs recounted that
in 1942 Longyear proposed they coauthor this volume, but two years
later, when Boggs received a copy of the published book, he found
his name relegated to a subtitle, "With an appendix by Stanley
H. Boggs".
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